Table of contents:
What is FBAR and who must file FinCEN 114
An FBAR is a Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts that U.S. persons are required to submit to the U.S. Treasury annually. It includes disclosure of various foreign financial accounts such as bank accounts, savings accounts, money market funds, demand deposits, securities accounts, bonds, investments, and offshore structured entities. Refer to the Types of accounts reported on FBAR.
The FBAR, also known as FinCEN 114, is a concise one-page form used to report the identity and location of all the foreign accounts you own or have a financial interest or signature authority with a combined balance exceeding $10,000 at any point during the previous calendar year. It means you must report all non-U.S. bank accounts, even if only one account had a balance exceeding $10,000 for a single day, while the rest had zero balances throughout the year. The IRS is especially interested in instances where funds were transferred from one account to another.
The IRS and U.S. Treasury possess mechanisms to identify individuals with foreign bank accounts. They actively pursue delinquent taxpayers and enforce payment of outstanding taxes. Through information-sharing agreements with certain countries, they conduct investigations and gather data on foreign accounts. Additionally, they receive information through a whistleblower program, and their overseas criminal investigation professionals.
Furthermore, since January 2015, the IRS has been receiving comprehensive information about foreign financial accounts directly from participating Foreign Financial Institutions (FFIs). These institutions are obligated to report your name, address, U.S. Tax Identification Number (TIN), foreign bank account number, account closures from 2013 to the present, end-of-year balance, and gross account earnings.
Refer to the Difference between FinCEN 114 and Form 8938 and the IRS comparison of FATCA and FBAR requirements for more information.
Types of accounts reported on FBAR (FinCEN 114)
Checking account held in a non-U.S. domiciled bank.
Savings account held in a non-U.S. domiciled bank.
Checking account held at a non-U.S. branch of a U.S.-domiciled bank.
Savings account held at a non-U.S. branch of a U.S.-domiciled bank.
Non-U.S. financial account over which you have signature authority.
Non-U.S. securities or stocks held in a foreign financial institution.
Non-U.S. accounts owned by a foreign entity in which you have at least 50% financial interest.
Non-U.S. mutual funds (additional filing requirements may apply for PFIC 8621).
Non-U.S. accounts held by either a foreign or domestic trust with which you are associated.
Non-U.S. life insurance policy with cash value.
Non-U.S. annuity contract.
All pension accounts should be reported on the FBAR.
Government-mandated Social Security fund (if the fund is privately operated, not by the government, i.e. you have a specific balance to your name contingent on how much money you have contributed).
❗ Important notes:
Property, precious metals, cash, and art should not be included in the list of your foreign bank accounts.
If you do not hold any foreign bank accounts, there is no requirement to prove the absence of such accounts.
If you closed one during the tax year, you must report the account and its final balance.
FBAR filing by spouses
Assuming both spouses are U.S. citizens or Green Card holders:
If both spouses only have joint accounts, they can file a single FBAR together.
If one spouse has foreign accounts requiring FBAR reporting and the other is a joint owner without any foreign accounts, they can file one FBAR together.
However, if both spouses have at least one individual foreign account, spouses must file FBARs separately (two FBARs in total).
Reporting child's bank account
Assuming its balance is over $10,000:
If you are listed as a guardian with signatory authority on the account, you must report this account on your FBAR.
If you do not have signatory authority over the account, you do not need to list it on your FBAR.
If your child is a U.S. citizen, you must file an FBAR on their behalf, regardless of their age and your signatory authority.
How to prepare and file FBAR (FinCEN 114)
You can e-file your FBAR on your own since it is a standalone form and not submitted as part of your tax return. Refer to the U.S. Treasury instructions.
However, we do not recommend doing it yourself for the following reasons:
Accuracy matters: While the form itself isn’t overly complex, it must be 100% correct to avoid IRS scrutiny or rejection. Think of it like assembling a puzzle without clear instructions — one small mistake could lead to issues.
Time-consuming process: Filing requires setting up an account on the U.S. Treasury’s online system and navigating multiple steps.
Constant regulation changes: FBAR reporting rules frequently change, and most taxpayers aren’t aware of these updates. Our team stays on top of these changes year-round so you don’t have to.
If you would like TFX to prepare your FBAR (FinCEN Form 114), log in to your TFX account, request our FBAR filing service, and list your foreign financial account details (including retirement plans, i.e., pension accounts).
Note: if you participate in the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedures Program, you will need to complete three standard Tax Questionnaires and three FBAR-only Questionnaires (a short version of our standard TQ). In this case, you don't need to request our FBAR filing service — your six FBARs will be e-filed by your assigned tax preparer.
Extension of time to file FBAR
The due date for filing FinCEN Form 114 (FBAR) is April 15. However, the Treasury Department automatically grants a 6-month extension until October 15 — no separate extension request is required. For the most up-to-date filing deadlines, please refer to Tax due dates and deadlines.
What to do if you failed to file an FBAR
If you were required to file an FBAR but failed to do so, your next steps depend on whether you reported all foreign account interest on your original tax return and whether additional reporting is required:
If all interest from foreign bank accounts was reported on your original tax returns, file the FBAR using the Delinquent FBAR Submission Procedures without amending your tax returns.
If interest from foreign accounts was not included in your tax returns, file amended tax returns and submit FBAR reports through the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedures (SFOP). For pricing details, please refer to SFOP services pricing on our website.
'Acknowledged’ FBAR reports
'Acknowledged' is the final stage of the FBAR filing process. The Treasury does not 'accept' the report but merely buys it. If your tax preparer has provided you with a filing confirmation that says 'acknowledged,' please process the final signoff.
How to verify if FBAR was filed (similar to a tax transcript)
If you file the FBAR electronically, you receive a confirmation (Acknowledgement) with a tracking number (BSA ID). This is your proof of submission.
If you still need to confirm whether your FBAR was filed, you can contact the FBAR Helpline. Be prepared to provide your filing information, such as your name, date of filing, and tracking number:
U.S. callers can dial 866.270.0733 (toll-free number).
International callers can dial +1.313.234.6146 (not toll-free).
Working hours are 7 AM to 3 PM CT, Monday to Friday.
Alternatively, you can submit a verification request in writing. The request should include the filer's name, Taxpayer Identification Number, and the filing period. There is a $5.00 fee for verifying five or fewer forms and an additional $1.00 fee for each additional form. If copies of the forms are needed, there is an extra fee of $0.15 per copy. Checks or money orders in USD should be made payable to the United States Treasury. The written request and payment should be mailed to the following address:
IRS Detroit Computing Center, P.O. Box 32063, Detroit, MI 48232 Attn.: Verification